Global evaluation of commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculants under greenhouse and field conditions

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant symbionts that promote growth and provide important ecosystem functions. These abilities have great economical potential which has resulted in an increasing number of commercially available AMF inoculants. Here, we present the results a global study evaluate effectiveness 28 commercial inoculants to colonize host plants under greenhouse field conditions. This evaluation includes three independent studies across continents (Australia, Europe, North America). The Australian European tested 25 different non-sterilized sterilized soils conditions compared them against laboratory cultures Rhizophagus irregularis. is supplemented by American evaluated effects In trials using soil, observed addition did not lead enhanced colonization inoculation increased biomass only one out treatments. 84% root colonization, demonstrating these products contain viable propagules. contrast, AM fungus irregularis substantial (48% 79%) bioassay. Moreover, five treatments when added soil. Metagenomic analysis roots trial revealed changes community after inoculation. For inoculant, this was accompanied production. raises concerns over unreliable do propagules result colonization. Under conditions, on dependent within community. highlight need for standardized quality control further research their establishment